Between the mid-5th and end of the 4th centuries BCE, Apulian vase painting reaches its height, producing vessels of monumental size (ranging from approximately 30cm to over 1.5 meters) covered in elaborate decoration.

While volute kraters are found across the Greek world as early as the 6th century BCE, the form becomes the most characteristic vessel type painted by Greek colonists in Apulia (Magna Grecia). Volute kraters are a specific type of krater named for the spiraling, volute (scroll-like) shape of the handles. Kraters are large, wide-mouthed vessels commonly used for mixing water and wine, although they also served a funerary function, either placed in a tomb or used as grave markers. This 'krater' has been attributed to a well-known painter named after a vase in Copenhagen (inv. While the figures bear some of the same objects as the other side, the two men are shown holding grapes and a thyrsus (fennel stalk), symbols of fertility.

The opposite side shows a similar arrangement of four male and female offering bearers, but at center stands a large grave stele tied with a white fillet. The attachment of the handles to the body is accented with sculpted necks and heads of swans, and the center of the volutes shows white-face female masks rather than the characteristic scroll. Above, the bust of a winged male wearing a petasos (wide-brimmed hat) appears on the neck of the vase among the curling tendrils of the acanthus plant.

These men and women carry such items as a wreath, cista (cylindrical container), mirror, phiale, bell krater, spear, and shield, all offerings for the deceased. Gazing in at the warrior from outside the naiskos are four red figures that sit or stand on rocky ground indicated with thin white lines. The body of this volute krater is dominated by the depiction of a naiskos (shrine) that contains the white painted figure of a deceased warrior with spear and shield waiting for his young servant to pour a libation in the phiale (shallow bowl).

Red figure volute krater download